Poverty in Africa

Poverty in Africa More than 800 million people fall asleep starving every day, and 300 million of those 800 are only children. Poverty is a global crisis, something that affects many in a horrible way. â€Å"Poverty is going empty, with no hope for the future. Poverty is like watching your mother father, brothers and sisters die in pain and in sorrow just because they couldn’t get something to eat. † Poverty has been around for ages, and will always be around. It is always there and will always be a problem. It could have been avoided, and can be treated if we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have many parables and teachings about the poor, and we can link that to poverty today. Poverty affects many children in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the population lives in slums, and the child mortality rate in those slums is 65% higher. The children in these slums live a terrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and apartments, condos and duplexes; all of these living condit ions are fine. Some people complain their house is too small, or they have to share a room. Imagine having no room to share or no house at all.When people complain about having a small house, they should imagine living in an overcrowded shack with no floors, no water, and no electricity. People in Africa have to live in those shacks. The church teaches us many helpful things. Jesus stands on side of the poor, and so must we. If we all put the needs of the poor in front of our own needs, we would not have children starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that asks Jesus for eternal life, and what he will have to do to get it. Jesus asks tells him to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor, the man sighs.Jesus also tells the man to follow the 10 commandments. The religious truth is to follow the 10 commandments and to be kind, and donate to the poor. The Judgement of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord separating th e good people from bad. He tells the good thank-you for caring about him, and he tells the bad they did not help him. Both groups question and say they did nothing to him. God then says the good people did something for the poor, and the bad people did nothing for the poor. The religious truth in this is to treat the poor as if they are God.Poverty is a huge problem and it can be treated, and could have been avoided. If we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God told us to do, we wouldn’t have this problem. People are very ignorant, and think for themselves. If we all gave 5% of our pay checks to starving children it would make a huge difference. Even if everyone follows the 10 commandments, poverty would improve. The world is full of billions and billions of people live in the world today, and if even a third of those billions tried to help poverty we would see a difference.People need to start thinking about the poor more. We should all treat the poor, as if they are God. We should act as if each of those starving children we’re a piece of God. If someone saw God starving and in pain, they would help him. With poverty, it should be the same way. We should see people who are hungry, or even know of people who are hungry, and we should help them in some way. The Gospels teach us this, and many people read the Gospels, so why don’t people do it. People should do what the Gospel’s say and we would have a lot less people who are dying, and starving. Poverty in Africa Poverty in Africa More than 800 million people fall asleep starving every day, and 300 million of those 800 are only children. Poverty is a global crisis, something that affects many in a horrible way. â€Å"Poverty is going empty, with no hope for the future. Poverty is like watching your mother father, brothers and sisters die in pain and in sorrow just because they couldn’t get something to eat. † Poverty has been around for ages, and will always be around. It is always there and will always be a problem. It could have been avoided, and can be treated if we follow the Gospels.The Gospels have many parables and teachings about the poor, and we can link that to poverty today. Poverty affects many children in Africa. In Africa 40 to 70% of the population lives in slums, and the child mortality rate in those slums is 65% higher. The children in these slums live a terrible life. Here in Canada, we have houses and apartments, condos and duplexes; all of these living condit ions are fine. Some people complain their house is too small, or they have to share a room. Imagine having no room to share or no house at all.When people complain about having a small house, they should imagine living in an overcrowded shack with no floors, no water, and no electricity. People in Africa have to live in those shacks. The church teaches us many helpful things. Jesus stands on side of the poor, and so must we. If we all put the needs of the poor in front of our own needs, we would not have children starving to death in Africa. The Rich Young Man (Matthew 19:16-30) is about a man that asks Jesus for eternal life, and what he will have to do to get it. Jesus asks tells him to sell all his possessions and give the money to the poor, the man sighs.Jesus also tells the man to follow the 10 commandments. The religious truth is to follow the 10 commandments and to be kind, and donate to the poor. The Judgement of the Nations (Matthew 25:31-46) is about the Lord separating th e good people from bad. He tells the good thank-you for caring about him, and he tells the bad they did not help him. Both groups question and say they did nothing to him. God then says the good people did something for the poor, and the bad people did nothing for the poor. The religious truth in this is to treat the poor as if they are God.Poverty is a huge problem and it can be treated, and could have been avoided. If we followed the Gospels, and we followed what God told us to do, we wouldn’t have this problem. People are very ignorant, and think for themselves. If we all gave 5% of our pay checks to starving children it would make a huge difference. Even if everyone follows the 10 commandments, poverty would improve. The world is full of billions and billions of people live in the world today, and if even a third of those billions tried to help poverty we would see a difference.People need to start thinking about the poor more. We should all treat the poor, as if they are God. We should act as if each of those starving children we’re a piece of God. If someone saw God starving and in pain, they would help him. With poverty, it should be the same way. We should see people who are hungry, or even know of people who are hungry, and we should help them in some way. The Gospels teach us this, and many people read the Gospels, so why don’t people do it. People should do what the Gospel’s say and we would have a lot less people who are dying, and starving.

Knowledge English Essay

So the world I came to know started when I was six, when I moved here in the United States because of my father’s job. At such an early age, I was transported to a place where everything seems weird and different. Clueless, I wept for having no choice at all. There was no one to talk to, who would understand, and who would care. I asked myself how was I supposed to survive in this country when I do not know anybody and with little knowledge on English. The first days were a struggle – I miss my old home, my old school, my friends, everything in and about Japan. I was sick and homesick, did not want to go to the first day of grade school. But my mother forced me to. The diligent child that I am, I went to school in San Jose. I expected to be isolated; but my expectations were incorrect because I was welcomed by the entire school. People did not see my differences; they gladly accepted me. I was happy finding myself in the company of new friends, one of whom was Corey Tucker. It was lunchtime; I sat alone on the bench, crying. Someone suddenly reached over and stuck a chocolate-chip cookie in my mouth. The boy opened an interesting conversation. When I told him I came from Japan, he was excited, incessantly asking questions. With awkward smiles, I answered each of his queries even though I knew my English was not so good. By the time the lunch ended, Corey and I were best friends. He soon introduced me to his friends and was easily accepted to the school and the society I did not quite understand. They made sure I knew where the bathroom, canteen, library, clinic, and classrooms were and tutored me in the language; good thing I learned fast. As we matured, my friends did not only teach me English but also American culture, lifestyle, beliefs, and values. They have been very positive influences, especially Corey, who was always there for me and have remained my very good friends. Because of them, I came to love and appreciate life in this country. Homesickness and tears were all wiped out because I started being integrated into the society. I would come home from school tired yet happy. Thus, my parents enjoyed seeing my bright disposition, realizing I have adjusted successfully. In high school, with much proficiency in English, I persevered to perform well in my studies, regarding every course essential in my pursuit of knowledge and meaning in life. Truth is, I got disappointed whenever a classmate argues about the unimportance of studying math or physics because he or she sees no point in spending time to learn something that will not be of good use in the future. I hated this line of argument, as I deem every aspect of education as an essential tool in our lives. There is a reason why math or physics is in the curriculum and why we need to learn it. Whenever someone contends that a certain course or field of study is useless, I heat up, compelled to demonstrate the fallacy of such argument by providing specific examples from my own life or everyday circumstances. This is the world I came from. Much of what I know today, I owe to the friends who have guided me, the teachers who have taught me beyond what the textbooks said, and my family that has stayed intact and happy despite problems and difficulties. All these people have shaped my dream and aspiration to pursue a degree in math or physics. My friends knew that I am most passionate about physics and math. They have encouraged me to take this passion to a higher level. They have always joked that one day they will gladly see the Japanese friend they used to tutor become a physicist. I knew they will be happy if I pursue my dream. There is no better way of showing my appreciation for the years we have been together than showing them that the newbie they have welcomed has grown up to be a successful man. Moreover, the school world I came from have taught me not only factual knowledge but also values I need in facing bigger tasks in a bigger world. I want to make them proud that I, who was once a crybaby, feeling left out on the first day of school, am now successful in my own field and able to make a difference in others’ lives. Furthermore, the world I came from will not be the same without the family that sacrificed leaving Japan just to better provide for my needs. My aspiration of pursuing math or physics, practice it, and put into good use is largely for my mother and my father to show my appreciation for their efforts and sacrifices. Since America is my world now, I aspire to realize this here in the land I have come to call my home. I have always believed that the measure of learning is its application. Therefore, I prepare myself and try to achieve holistic development. I continuously hope that the education I have received and will receive can be used for the betterment of my world.

Melencolia I

Finkelstein’s â€Å"The relativity of Albrecht Dà ¼rer† offers an intensely scientific, geometric, linguistic and analytical interpretation of the engraving Melencolia I. With the help of research done earlier by such scholars as Erwin Panofsky and Frances Yates, Finkelstein explores the hidden dimensions of a piece of artwork and uncovers ideas that had before hardly been considered. Drawing on the fact that Dà ¼rer was a mathematician as well as an artist, Finkelstein makes several predictions about the content of the work and systematically offers rather logical progressions that identify the predictions as plausible. He makes one disclaimer: â€Å"We do not look for deep philosophical secrets in this engraving as much as for insights into Dà ¼rer’smind and times† (2005, p. 4). This demonstrates Finkelstein’s knowledge that his analysis of the work of a dead artist can amount only to very convincing conjecture. He is cognizant that such a work can offer only insight rather than uncovering of secrets that can be said to have been definitively hidden by the artist. The insight apparently gained by Finkelstein is itself manifold, but primarily demonstrates the idea of relativism within this art by denoting the importance of perspective to an artist and especially to one who was also as much a scientist as Dà ¼rer. Secondarily, Finkelstein sets out to identify the Melencolia I as a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family. Finkelstein does find a great deal of cogent evidence indicating that Dà ¼rer indeed intended meaning beyond the mere surface of the etching. The mysterious aspect of the work, he reveals, is explained by the necessity during that time to be secretive in displaying anything that had to do with the â€Å"new† sciences or with hermetics. Within the image of the polyhedron Finkelstein notes the presence of two faces. These are hidden from immediate view, and the presence of hidden faces in other works by Dà ¼rer indicates that this vision is not imagination. The visions are of a woman and man, and closely fit the images of previous works done by Dà ¼rer of his father and mother. The significance of his parents in an etching ostensibly about melancholy appears odd, yet an even more obscure hidden figure found by Finkelstein points to Dà ¼rer himself. These three figures together appear to make Melencolia I the bearer of a family portrait. The idea of Dà ¼rer’s family being a large part of the subject matter of the work is revealed again in the presence of two rebuses in the Dà ¼rer coat-of-arms and another in the engraving itself. The initials A.D. appear under the year 1514—which seems to be a play on the Anno Domini interpretation of that initialism. The Durer coat-of-arms is itself an overt reference to his family and it contains at its centre a picture of an open gate sitting on a cloud. Cross-referencing between the Latin root for burin (a chisel and a figure seen in the coat-of-arms) uncovers a connection between the ideas â€Å"I chisel† and â€Å"heaven.† Finkelstein reads this (along with the picture of the open gates) as Limen Caelo or â€Å"gateway to heaven† (2005, p. 8). This nomenclature is connected to his families name via some linguistic changes that render Dà ¼rer a German representation of door or gate. Further investigation leads to the interpretation of a magic square (which can be seen in the engraving) as a further reference to a member of the Dà ¼rer family, namely the artist himself. Finkelstein relies on the phenomenon of the Greek alphabet that renders to each letter a corresponding number. The name Albrecht Dà ¼rer contains letters (numbers) that sum to 135, whereas the magic square contains numbers that sum to 136. This, Finkelstein notices, might be taken to mean 135 + 1—with the numeral 1 being in reference to God (not an unusual reference at the time). Upon looking further at the magic square, the numeral 1 does seem set off from the others by being unquestionably larger. Other messages are uncovered in this work by Finkelstein. He uncovers meanings in the images of the bat, the putto (cherub), the angel, the ladder et cetera. One striking message is in the title of the piece itself—which seems to refer to melancholy, yet spells the word incorrectly in every known language. Previous study of the bat done by Finkelstein had discredited any idea that Dà ¼rer considered melancholy a worthy topic—and it might be seen that the â€Å"gates of heaven† ideas uncovered before are far from melancholy. Finkelstein considers â€Å"melencolia† to be an anagram for Limen Caelo, and this can be easily verified. The research paper points out very detailed aspects of Melencolia I that indicate it indeed possible that the work is a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family. The fact that the idea of the bat can be turned to mean that Albrecht Dà ¼rer discredits melancholy proves to be a small and negligible idea. However, when coupled with Finkelstein’s other numerological and linguistic manipulations, the evidence seems alarmingly convincing. It seems hardly likely that a magic square that has been concocted to add to 34 would also spontaneously find all its numbers adding to 135 + 1. However, two questions arise: How could Dà ¼rer have made such a square fulfil so many requirements at once? What could the number 34 mean? Finkelstein does not address the meaning of 34—an omission that serves somewhat to undermine his work’s accuracy, as it demonstrates a lack of thoroughness. However, his position might be restored if it is considered that perhaps 34 actually means nothing at all and that the numbers of Jupiter’s Table were manipulated specifically and solely for the purpose of coming up with the 135 + 1 total on Dà ¼rer’s Table. These ideas render believable again the ideas presented by Finkelstein that the etching represents Dà ¼rer’s family portrait. Finkelstein also asserts the theory that Dà ¼rer’s etching is a symbolic reference to relativism. First Finkelstein establishes the relativistic condition that his own perspective of viewing the piece had changed, as he no longer sees it as an expression of melancholy. Finkelstein then demonstrates that his perspective does render the meaning of the painting as malleable as speed does time. The fact that Finkelstein is able to attach such an impressively argued alternate interpretation of the piece is a strong point in favour of the idea of relativism. For example, he analyses the angel within the engraving, and this analysis does well at undergirding the idea of relativity. Though many before have taken the serious countenance of the angel to mean that she represents melancholy, Finkelstein’s scrutiny points out (among other things) that the angle at which the angels eyes are inclined indicates that her own â€Å"perspective† does not lead her toward melancholic thoughts. Nor can her melancholy be considered the creative type, Finkelstein continues, as she is not involved in any creative activity. Rather, her eyes lead toward the realm of the heavens—focused on nothing within the frame itself, but beyond. Finkelstein’s analysis seems plausible, and again this is especially true because of his earlier discovery of multiple references to the gateway of heaven. It is also quite noteworthy that the angel is looking out (that is, appears contemplative rather than sad). References to the contemporary division of â€Å"the world under God into three concentric spheres, roughly Terrestrial, Celestial, and Intellectual,† as well as to three spheres of thought, unites contemplation with the heavens (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 10). Therefore, Finkelstein sets the stage for making a convincing case for the angel to be contemplative rather than depressed. However, Finkelstein’s position that the angel could not be experiencing creative melancholy seems a little precarious. He bases it on an assumption that she is far from her creative tools—yet she does seem to be holding something that could be a pencil or other writing apparatus. Plus, execution of art cannot be the only stage in which creativity takes place, as the thoughts that give rise to this execution are perhaps the nuclei of such artistic creativity. Therefore, despite the angle of her eyes, the angel could very well still be in a creatively melancholic mood. Finkelstein emphasises polymorphism also as evidence of relativity within Dà ¼rer’s work. He shows this polymorphism to be evident in many of the images within the piece, and brings out their alternative meaning through connections to physics. The images of the potto and the angel, for instance, flank the image of a scale. This instrument touches each lightly with apparently the same amount of force and is balanced between them. The potto might represent the artisan (mere craftsman) whose works is corporeal, and the angel represent the artistic or heavenly quality of the artist. In pointing out that the scale touches them equally, Finkelstein identifies the idea that the physical and intellectual aspects of art are equal. However, he makes the point more strongly in his reference to the works of other artists, researchers, and scientists of the past. These works strengthen his own by asserting also â€Å"a balance between the worlds above and below, the Intellectual and Terrestrial spheres represented by the angel and the putto† (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 16). Then Finkelstein caps this idea with a reference to earlier interpretations of the equation e = mc2, which likens energy to the â€Å"immaterial realm of forces† while mass represents â€Å"the material realm of bodies† (Finkelstein, 2005, p. 16). Though the paper was extremely well researched, a few areas exist in which it might have been more convincing. The explanation of the meaning of the magic square might have included an acknowledgement of the areas in which the author had no interpretation for some of its variables. This is especially true for the number 34, which does represent the most important number of that particular magic square, according to the established method for interpreting such a square. Other parts of the interpretations appear to be very far-fetched and exaggerated, such as the existence of facial images in the polyhedron, which I have not been able to see. Another reference is to a nebulous union of the Star of David (seen within the polyhedron) and Dà ¼rer’s supposed incorporation of a Jewish theme. Why Finkelstein includes this is unclear, as any connection between the star and Jews would be (as he admits) anachronistic. Plus, the significance of Judaism to the painting is not made very clear. It would perhaps have been better to have omitted this or to have made the connections clearer. David R. Finkelstein’s critique and interpretation of Dà ¼rer’s Melencolia I does present a very cogent (albeit philosophical) view of the etching as a representation of art’s relativity. Even if Finkelstein has not succeeded in proving conclusively that Durer’s intention was to portray this idea, the methods and approaches that Finkelstein uses to interpret the engraving strongly corroborate this idea. He does succeed in demonstrating that the etchings might be viewed as a portrait of the Dà ¼rer family, and his other efforts (in which he utilizes scientific, linguistic, and other analytical devices) at interpreting the different images within the whole work help to make Finkelstein’s critique an interesting and convincing one. Despite this, he does present some far-fetched theories that serve to undermine the cogency (and indeed the scientific reliability) of his argument. However, considering the subject matter (art), what Finkelstein does accomplish is impressive. Reference Finkelstein, David R. (2005). The Relativity of Albrecht Dà ¼rer. School of Physics, Georgia   Institute of Technology. Atlanta.

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The impact of automation - Term Paper Example on on the society is an increase in the mechanical power available to an individual owing to the presence of new opportunities and the decreased demand for labour. The opportunities that arise from automation, especially with fabricators are participation in the development, use, repair, and distribution of fabricators, software, and related hardware. The other impact of automation on the society is the increased productivity 100 or 1000 times per machine operator reducing the demand for skilled labour at workplaces (Johnsen, 1976). The effect is an increase in the level of pervert since the extra workers have to be dismissed to pave the way for the machines and affecting the standards of living negatively. The level of unemployment in the society in the economy increases owing to the increased use of machines in completion of tasks previously undertaken by humans. Automation results in better product quality through reduction in human errors in the production process. Automated of inspection and assembly methods result in the improvement of the durability of manufactured products as exemplified with the production of cars, refrigerators, and televisions that have been shown to last longer than previous models owing to automation (Burns, 1993). Quality products from automation result in the value for money for the consumers and less money are spent on replacement and repairs. The standards of living in the society improve with the increased automation of production processes and methods. The other impact of automation has been the increased possibility of recycling of older products for new product models aiding in the reduction of wastes in the society (Burns, 1993). Examples are the introduction of recycling of used Apple products under the reign of Steve Jobs and the recycling of brake shoes and engine blocks in the automotive industry. Structural unemployment emerges and increases as a result of automation resulting in the reduction in consumer and disposal

Corporate Reporting and Balance Sheet Financing Essay

Corporate Reporting and Balance Sheet Financing - Essay Example However there is truth in saying that no one has all relevant information and facts about Enron's failure and hence it cannot be said the OBSF is the lone factor responsible for the Enron debacle. Financial analysts are of the opinion that OBSF may be viewed as a scalpel in a surgeon's hands, which can be put to an effective use if handled properly. This paper presents a discussion on the ways of achieving OBSF. While the paper analyses the effect of the international standards for leasing and financial instruments as avenues of OBSF, it also reflects some views on the regulatory provisions on impairment of the non-current assets of listed companies and the inadequacies of the financial ratios in bringing out the correct financial strength of the companies adopting techniques of OBSF.According to Shiva and Lynda (2003) Off-balance sheet financing (OBSF) is a mode of organizing a financing transaction in such a way that it is not recognized easily as the entity's own liability. There are many distinct advantages of using OBSF under different circumstances. They are: Arranging for cheaper outside borrowings which are secured by debt contracts that are not backed by collateral securities The debt-to capitalization ratio can be maintained at such level as may be desired by the firm Helps in maintaining the credit ratings in the market and thereby enhance the future borrowing capacity and Providing finance for those projects which could not be approved due to non-availability of own funds. Although it can be argued that allowing the companies use OBSF method will materially alter the true and fair view of the financial status of the firm as represented by its balance sheet, still the companies may take a chance to use OBSF to look for raising additional funds for rather a risky capital project which is not otherwise available as its own funds. The individual company may attempt a safe play between BSF and OBSF in such a way that it presents useful information for valuing the firm's stock prices and derive the advantage. 2.1 Effective Ways of Using Off Balance Sheet Financing: While the items like loan, debt and equity appear in the financial statements of a company, the off balance sheet items do not find a place in the balance sheet. Creation of off balance sheet entities, joint ventures, research and development partnerships and operating leases are some of the ways in which the off balance sheet financing method can be employed by a firm. Creation of off balance sheet entities is one of the usual ways of using the OBSF for the advantage of the firm. These separate legal entities were permissible under Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and tax laws. According to Rick Wayman 2002 'off-balance-sheet' refers to separate legal entities comprising of separate or subsidiary companies where the parent company holds the majority of the shares. It also covers the contingent liabilities of the firm represented by the letters of credit or loans to separate legal entities which are guaranteed by the parent company. While these items are allowed to be excluded from the financial statements of the parent company, GAAP requires them to be shown by way of foot notes attached to the balance sheet and other financial statements. This way the parent company could fianc the new venture without diluting the existing shareholders equity or adding to the external borrowings

Feminism and Politics Today Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Feminism and Politics Today - Essay Example Feminists from England, France, and the US have had a significant success in involving women in organizations entrusted with decision-making. However, there has been an increased female participation in politics in many parts of Europe. These participations have given rise to a reduction in domestic violence, promotion of divorce rights, and child custody rights over the last four decades. In Ugandan, women had a different technique of growing their political participation. At the time guerrilla war between 1981-5, women used a major contribution (Finley & Stringer 2010). These women put in place policies that favored them too and, as a result, it made them at par with men in decision-making positions. The problem of marriages in India has for a long time become a question of concern for most Indian women. Marriage related deaths have been on the rise, and this made the Indian feminists fight for equal marriage rights. Initially, men had a lot of favors in matters of marriage. They e njoyed marriage rights that deprived women of their rights too. Apart from marriage rights, For example, Indian feminists fought for property, marriage, and divorce rights that favored men for a long time. As a result, in 1934, a bill was passed that protects the rights of women, and this was achieved to change the order that had existed for a long time. In Mexico, women joined organizations that inculcated in them public confidence. The confidence they gained helped them to argue courageously out their rights (Glenn 2010).

The trade system in Ramayana Essay Example for Free

The trade system in Ramayana Essay Based on the summary by Stephen Knapp (2007) The Ramayana is one of the two greatest stories told from India which was written and created by VÄ lmiki sometime between 4th and 2nd BCE. Knapp had elaborated that the story of Ramayana is about how the lives of people have been running in India on the year 1000 BCE. The story wandered around the life of the heroes of the story, Rama and Sita. The story of the Ramayana has been very influential to the lives and teachings of the Indians at those times, preachers treated the life story of Rama and Sita as a model for the youth (Knapp, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the story of Ramayana, since it talked about how the people of India lived a long time ago, the source of the primary needs of the people was also mentioned. At the timeline of the story, trading was very active and people have been able to live by the barter system since money was not that used during that period. Within the Ramayana story, there are passages that mentioned things about the trades that happened in the place the story was set (Narayan, 1972).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Most of the merchants at that time had stones, iron, stones and even animals for export. But the most popular product exported by the Indians at that time was cloths which was made of cotton and were perfectly woven and block printed. These items were bartered to other races that intentionally went to the Indian ports to trade different products (Foley, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The trade of different products between India and other countries also happened inside India itself, Indians bartered with each other to be able to acquire the things each of them needed at that time.   This also occurred in the story of Ramayana, in which the monkeys and the Ravanas are involved (mythome.com, 2004).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The army of monkeys was headed by Hanuman, and they transacted and traded products like cloth and war equipments with the Ravanas, with hope of getting their trust. But their main hidden goal was to defeat them and the kill their leader which is Ravana, the ten-headed evil god (indhistory.com, 2007). References: Ramayana. 2007. 1. Ramayana Summary. 2004. 1. Foley, Jennifer. Lessons of the Indian Epics: Following the Dharma. 2004. Knapp, Stephen. The Ramayana: A Summary by Stephen Knapp. 2007. 1. Narayan, R.K. The Ramayana. Viking Press, 1972.

Breakdown of the Pestel Analysis

Breakdown of the Pestel Analysis EThames Graduate School (ET) is a modern and dynamic Higher Education institution offering students a complete range of high quality UK recognized qualifications. Our career focused degree programs provide students with the knowledge and skills required to ensure a smooth transition from the classroom to the workplace. Our mission is to develop each students abilities to the full in order to produce outstanding professional and enterprising people for business, industry and professional careers. (Thames, 2011) EThames Graduate School is Europes largest Higher Education institution offering world reputed higher educational qualifications. The EThames Graduate School students come from different countries around the world. The EThames Graduate Schools core business is in its different study areas such as business, finance, computing, health and social care, English and other training programs. 2012 Olympics games are going to be in London and lot of international attractions will comes to the school. Also there will be higher demand for the professional courses which are focusing relative fields focusing the event. Therefore it is necessary to have proper marketing campaign to capture the opportunity. I have discussed the situational analysis, marketing strategy, implications for the ET due to the expecting mega event of the Olympic 2012. Situational Analysis As identified by the marketing audit and summarized in the SWOT analysis within the core market in which ET operates has been significantly affected by the recent rise in competitive pressure. A robust long-term plan must now be created to deliver competitive advantage and reverse the downward sales trend. The events market is reactive, fast paced and heavily influenced by changes in the external business environment; thus a 2-3 year plan is considered a long-term one. The Olympic 2012 event will make lot of influences to the business within few months. 1.1 PESTEL Analysis Political Forecast cuts in public spending Changes in Government attitudes to external meetings Planned rise in VAT to 20% January 2011 Impact of 2012 Olympics London / 2014 Glasgow Commonwealth Games / 2018 World Cup Increased globalization and associated meeting requirements (both physical and virtual). UK is in 24th place in world globalization rankings High unemployment rate (7.8% / 2.47 million) resulting in less training and development Economic Increasing use of external preferred agencies to make bookings, rather than diplomas direct Event budgets forecast to stay at lower levels than pre-recession Luxury / additional spend forecast to stay low Quantity of delegates forecast to stay flat Increasing commercial awareness in buyers (haggling, negotiation, personalized pricing) Increased reluctance not to commit until last minute Forecast cuts in public spending Legal Market segment legislation (e.g. ABPI guidelines) restricting venue. Planned rise in VAT to 20% January 2011 Events industry remains unregulated ET operate in old buildings meaning significant investment is needed to meet changes in accessibility regulations Technical Rise in video conferencing (Webinars) Rise in virtual events2 Increase in user generated content (venue reviews, social networking sites) Reliance on websites / search engines for venue selection, rather than printed directories and magazines Increasing reliance on AV tools thus high impact on event if fails / non-compatible High rate of technological development venues need to be adaptive to these requirements Social Cultural Increasing demand in some sectors (e.g. online learning) to use ethical venues (CSR) Rise in customer service expectations Increasing commercial awareness in buyers (haggling, negotiation) Increase in user generated content (venue reviews, social networking sites) Demand for meetings to become more objective and measurable Increasing demand for venues to demonstrate sustainability / green / ethical credentials (BS8901standard) Increasing diversity in customer tastes and demands (dietary / cultural requirements) Environmental Increasing demand for venues to demonstrate sustainability / green / ethical credentials (BS8901standard) Public sector travel cuts (e.g. Environment Agency) Carbon cost of business travel under scrutiny Rise in demand for locally sourced produce 1.2 Distinctive competencies (DCs) ET currently possesses 5 Distinct Competencies. These are key internal strengths which have no major countering weakness. Stability ET is part of the wider ET providing underlying financial stability. Staff also has access to a wide pool of specialist in-house resources16 giving advantage over independent competitors. Power ET shows a position of strength as highest value added member and thus an ability to meet changing customer demands (e.g. AV / Catering) by negotiating optimum deals with students. Customer Service ET have an outstanding Customer Service record and are currently no 1 educational center in the UK18, placing them at a distinct advantage to combat the rise in competition. Flexibility The 7S and 7P models19 demonstrate ETs flexible approach to product and pricing. Customer facing staff is adaptive and able to meet changing customer requirements with ease. Product ET offer an upper-middle end service based on proven customer service and added value, rather than price alone. 1.3 Critical success factors (CSFs) Analysis of the opportunities and threats within the micro and macro environments show the groups core markets present 5 critical factors for future success. Price There is strong demand for cost effective events with personalized pricing and competitor matching. This is forecast to continue in the mid-long term future. AV Student demands for the latest in reliable conference technology (both physical and virtual) are forecast to grow, as will their reliance on it to deliver their events (virtual speakers / delegates etc). Agencies Agents are a growing selection method of choice for students. Green credentials Customer preference for environmental sustainability is rising, with industry launching to differentiate which venues are compliant. Customer Service students have a continued requirement for reliable, personalized customer service. 1.4 Benefits of marketing planning It is increasingly important in todays rapidly changing business environment that companies plan their marketing effectively. According to Kotler (2002) sound planning helps the company to anticipate and respond quickly to environmental changes, and to prepare better for sudden developments. ET s core markets are fast paced and increasingly competitive, so it is vital they have a clear plan in place to combat the rise in competitive pressure by meeting customer needs and wants more effectively than rivals. 1) To understanding their business environment: Marketing planning allows ET to fully understand their complex business environment both internally and externally. The early identification of key market changes and threats (such as the rise in competitive pressure or demand for environmental credentials) allows ET to adapt its strategy and marketing mix accordingly. Analysis of the external environment ensures ET understand who their customers are, the factors affecting their purchase decisions and are able to anticipate their needs and wants. 2) To set objectives and give direction: ETs objective hierarchy shows the groups marketing objectives stemming from the corporate objectives, which in turn stem from the Board strategic plan. According to Dibb (2007) a marketing objective is a statement of what is to be accomplished through marketing activities the results expected from marketing efforts.ET activities sit outside the core focus of the ET, so efficient marketing planning is essential to ensure relevant objectives are set. 3) To develop a strategy capable of delivering the objectives set: ET will only meet their objectives with a clear strategy; defined by Kotler (2002) as the marketing logic by which the business hopes to achieve its marketing objectives. A planning gap was identified between growth objective and forecast, so a clear market penetration growth strategy was adopted to bridge it. Without this strategy, the venues may lose focus (e.g. diversifying into the rooms by the hour business); the marketing objectives would not be met, leading to the corporate objectives being missed. 4) To select the right groups of customers to communicate with: According to Jobber (2007) market segmentation is the identification of individuals or organizations with similar characteristics that have significant implications for the determination of marketing strategy. By breaking the market down into customer segments of a similar type, ET can gain greater understanding of its customers, meet their needs and wants more effectively and communicate in a way they are more likely to respond to. 5) To develop tactics and a plan of action Finally, marketing planning provides a detailed tactical plan, giving direction to each of the 7Ps of the marketing mix. By setting a detailed, measurable plan encompassing all elements, ET can combine expertise from both marketing and the business into one organizational effort. This effort will ensure staffs are fully trained, resources are deployed in the right areas, the brand is developed and consistent across the estate and the product meets market requirements (such as BS8901 accreditation). Marketing Plan In order to combat the rise in competitive pressure and plug the planning gap, ET needed to develop a strategy for growth by making alterations to either its product-set (Educational options) or student base. As ET only matched some of the markets, a lower-risk Market Penetration strategy was advised, defined by Dibb (2006) as a strategy of increasing sales in current markets with current products. It was clear from the marketing audit that there were areas of the existing market that ET were not engaging with effectively (e.g. event booking agents) and that there was still potential for growth without costly development of a new product, expansion into a new market or complete diversification. ` 2.1 Growth Strategy To ensure the expecting expansion in 2012 ET must develop a clear growth strategy. The Growth Strategy Analysis within shows the full ET product portfolio and the strategies for growth currently adopted across the organisation. In the medium-long term, ET must adopt a clear Market penetration growth strategy. The groups only match against some of the markets from Asian students; this coupled with the current rise in competitive pressure mean that a low risk strategy is advised. If ET already matched all the markets likely requirements, this could be leveraged to develop a new product or expand into a new market to achieve competitive advantage. It is important that as part of the Market Penetration strategy, tweaks are made to the existing product offering to match the outstanding. Eg: Market Penetration Re-targeting to agents / local students and identification of different customer segments with buying potential (High demanded educational courses). Market development Launch of new ET in other all provinces with the same mix (tiered lecture theatre, city centre location, 5* student service etc) Product development Launch of self-study workshops by the hour product as per diploma requirements and customized visiting lecturers. Diversification Launch a management consultancy firm under the ET name. 2.2 Competitive Strategy In order to protect its growth strategy and ensure efforts could not easily be duplicated by competitors, a competitive strategy was identified in which ET could specialize, defined by Kotler (2002) as a strategy that strongly positions the company against competitors and gives the strongest possible strategic advantage. It was not suitable to adopt a cost leadership strategy as per common schools in London whose low event specific overheads allow them to achieve cost leadership and undercut ET on basic price. This approach is not achievable without putting ETs 5* student Service at risk. A competitive strategy of differentiation was not suitable for ET due to the high costs involved and likely high diploma failure rate due to lack of enough students. The group already has costly overheads in ongoing maintenance for its historic buildings, making it unviable to continuously invest in first to market NPD. The chosen competitive strategy to focus on niche groups for whom premium facilities, excellent student service and reliability are important is the right one as it utilizes ET well and has high potential for repeat and referral business; achieving the sales growth needed to fill the planning gap. 2.3 Marketing Mix Elements Service The core product is not unique as the capital has hundreds of diplomas which fulfill the same basic student need, thus classing it as a carbon copy. However there are many elements in the secondary product portfolio which are unique; riverside location and views, tiered lecture theatre for 500 guests and student service credentials are the key ones to be leveraged. In order to satisfy the newly selected target segments, must develop its secondary product to fill the gap. The diploma must change its attitude towards environmental policy and begin an investment program in order to achieve the sustainable teaching standards Price Of the three pricing strategies available (skimming, intermediate and penetration), ET Place currently operates an intermediate pricing strategy. I recommend that this continues in the medium long term. The diploma holds some USPs such as best in class customer service, high lecture theatre capacities and its panoramic. However some features (seminar spaces video-conferencing facilities) are not unique within the London market. It has a medium break-even point40 within a perfectly elastic market and looks to communicate a position of quality and reliability. One of the venues main USPs is the added value services it provides (such as 1st class customer service), which would be jeopardize by a price penetration strategy. Promotions The promotional objectives to the two new customer groups43 will be to inform and differentiate; educating them about the venue, its product and service attributes and key differentiating factors (such as student service excellence). However, as identified in the Product Lifecycle model, ET London is in the maturity stage thus the objectives for the existing groups will be to remind and persuade them to use ET again or reconsider a previous decision not to. Push partner with 3rd party intermediary brokers, industry magazines and websites to generate business (and awareness of) ET London. Pull communicate directly with target customer groups via an integrated marketing campaign to inform, differentiate and drive enquiries straight to the diploma. Profile increase awareness of ET London and the wider ET Diplomas group to both primary and secondary target groups and the broader industry Place In order to reach and retain the chosen target segments, ET London must alter parts of its place (distribution) strategy. Analysis of the external environment48 shows that buyers are increasingly enlisting agents to place their bookings, so the diploma must change from a Direct to Dual core place strategy, allowing clients to place bookings directly or through their nominated agency. Supported by the promotional tactics, staff will target agents specifically with preferred commission rates, tailored pricing and ensure the product of choice when making booking decisions. Few conflicts exist as the majority of students using agents do so as they have no buying alternative due to their company policy. The venues distribution intensity should remain selective in order to build brand loyalty, emphasize the high levels of quality and service and support their new focused competitive strategy. Unlike mass market / cost leadership competitors whose primary objective is to secure a high quantity of small diplomas, ET should look to build trust-based relationships with students to secure their high-value events on an ongoing basis, thus a selective distribution intensity is advised. 2.4 Controls Based upon ETs existing all we can afford budget structure, I recommend a percentage of sales forecast approach is adopted at 3.5%. Although not ideal, it will ensure marketing budget bids in the short-term are realistic and increase proportionately as the long term objectives become realized. In addition to the action plan, a series of targets and budgets run in parallel to the implementation schedule. The targets will motivate and encourage staff to achieve a positive outcome in small, manageable chunks, but also allow ET to monitor progress against objectives and identify risks early on so corrective measures can be taken. The specific budgets set provide a framework for staff to work within on individual activities, ensuring the overall budget is not exceeded and profitability maintained. Finally, this set of smaller budgets allow the ET Marketing Manager to delegate tasks to colleagues, whilst maintaining overall budget control. Main Barriers and how to Implement 3.1 Barriers in Internal Audits Internal Interviews Geographic spread meant some interviews were held by phone or email making it hard to read reactions and ask supplemental questions accordingly. HR was also not willing to be interviewed for purposes of the audit. Confidentiality Access to staff performance records was not granted so mystery shopper recordings and sales staff observations69 were 2 techniques used to determine broad conclusions, alongside the statistics provided by their managers. Accuracy / consistency of information Staff had been recording financial and enquiry data inconsistently (e.g. internal business levels); both year on year and from venue to venue. A system change meant that customer information (beyond sales figures) for 2012 is also unavailable. Staff availability ET Accountant was unavailable which delayed receipt of key financial data by few weeks. Turnover of staff mid-audit was also an issue. 3.2 Lack of financial resources The decline in sales between 2009 and 2010 could see Senior Management withdraw ET Marketing spend, although the fact that the decline has now stalled and a clear strategy is in place to close the planning gap may alleviate this. In addition, the % of sales forecast marketing budget approach will reassure management that the marketing plan is results driven. There are profile activities within the tactical plan which senior management could see as expendable, so it will be important to emphasize the collaborative effect of the integrated marketing mix so that individual elements are not removed. 3.3 Lack of staff The new strategy is heavily relationship driven; effective targeting of the key commercial conference and Agency groups in particular will only deliver results if staff invests time to nurture relationships, build trust and secure repeat business. ET does not have any pro-active sales staff, so the success of the marketing plan is pivotal on securing 1 sales person at each venue. If this is not acceptable to senior management, existing reactive coordination staff must be reprioritized to a proactive sales approach and assigned key accounts to nurture from within the target customer segments. This will involve some retraining, but will be an opportunity for development. An important part of the staffing change will be to incentivize sales staff with commission as per the industry standard; helping to secure buy-in. 3.4 Lack of time Although senior staff has requested a long-term (2-3 year) marketing plan for ET, they may expect to see quick results (3-6 months). Unfortunately this is unlikely to happen as the plan is built around repeat business and relationship building (supporting the focus competitive strategy and product Positioning). Expectations must be managed throughout the organisation that although the marketing objectives will be realized, it is unlikely to be before the target date of 2012. In addition, time must be dedicated to account management by staff, which will be problematic without the added proactive sales function. If management requires results to be shown before the team can be expanded, key accounts must be targeted first by senior venues staff before distributing lower value companies to junior staff. 3.5 Lack of skills There are certain skills gaps which could jeopardize the implementation of the plan if not mitigated promptly. The shift from a reactive to proactive sales function with key account management is a big change and one which will require intensive training and ongoing mentoring for all staff involved. In addition, the ability to leverage power within the supply chain to secure the best deals from external suppliers is a key advantage which the group is not currently utilizing due to lack of staff skills and confidence. A program of training for staff involved in such negotiations will be essential. Finally, the success of the plan is dependent on the group maintaining their 1st class customer service, thus an ongoing staff training program must be established. Ethical Issues for ETs Marketing Marketing planning allows ET to fully understand their complex business environment both internally and externally. The early identification of key market changes and threats (such as the rise in competitive pressure or demand for environmental credentials) allows ET to adapt its strategy and marketing mix accordingly. Analysis of the external environment ensures ET understand who their customers are, the factors affecting their purchase decisions and are able to anticipate their needs and wants. Examination of its internal environment will identify strengths and weaknesses thus ensuring systems and processes are in place to meet those foreseen customer demands effectively. ET has to realize that they are into the educational industry and it is necessary maintain all the best practices of the industry and they responsible to be an advisable organization. An important but costly element of the plan is to close the gap by securing BS8901 environmental accreditation for all branches, so a separate business case should be prepared highlighting the costs involved and direct benefits to the ET beyond the commercial venue business. The marketing plan poses some key changes in approach for ET and looks to de-priorities certain market segments. This may meet resistance from both management and operational staff initially before the new segments begin to deliver results. A phase out rather than immediate approach to the change over a 6-12 month period will alleviate this. In addition, the ET Marketing Manager should run a series of workshops with staff from all over the business to explain the plan in-depth, its rationale, and key outcomes to ensure buy-in. Bibliography / Referencing: 2008. (Clause 19.1). 1 July 2008 Association of the British Pharmaceutical Industry Code of Practice for the Pharmaceutical Industry, British Meetings and Events Industry Survey 2010, CAT Publications, October 2010 Dibb, S., Simkin, L., Pride W., Ferrell, O., (2006) Marketing Concepts and Strategies, 5th European edition, South Western Cengage Learning Jobber, D., (2007) Principles and Practice of Marketing, 5th Edition, McGraw Hill Education Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., Saunders, J., Wong, V., (2002) Principles of Marketing, 3rd European Edition, Meetings Incentive Travel, Olympic Opportunities: Going for Gold. September 2010. Meetings Industry Association. Pathfinder Report Spring 2010. Northamptonshire, April 2010 Megicks, P., Donnelly, R., Harrison, G., (2009) The Marketing Planning Process, Elsevier Pearson Education Limited

How to measure noise pollution

How to measure noise pollution Executive Summary Noise and pollution, and man was created noise harmful to health or welfare. Transport vehicles are the worst offenders, with aircraft, rail, trucks, buses, cars and motorcycles for producing excessive noise. Construction equipment, for example, breaker and bulldozers, also produce substantial noise pollution. Noise intensity is measured in units of dB. Logarithmic scale is dB, every increase of 10 dB represents a tenfold increase in the intensity of noise. Human perception of size is also consistent with a logarithmic scale, an increase of 10 dB is seen as almost double the size of the volume. Thus, 30 dB is 10 times more intense than 20 decibels and sounds loud and twice, 40 dB is 100 times more intense than 20 and sounds 4 times louder, 80 decibels is 1 million times more intense than 20 and sounds 64 times stronger. Distance reduces the level of decibels effective up to the ear. Therefore, the moderate movement of vehicles at a distance of 100 feet (30 m) rates about 50 decibels. To the driver with an open window or pedestrians on the sidewalk, and the rates of movement itself about 70 dB, that is, it sounds louder than 4 times. At a distance of 2000 feet (600 m), and the noise of aircraft taking off up to about 110 decibels, about the same century, the car only 3 feet (1 m) away. Introduction Noise pollution is a leak sound is unwanted, uncontrollable and unpredictable, and not necessarily strong in the lives of people of reasonable sensitivity. Using the reasonable person standard eliminates the idea that the sentence is subjective and unwanted sound. The sound can be returned unwanted noise or return to the Old Testament, and the stories of loud music, barking dogs, as well as the Romanian city where the old residents complained about noisy vehicles delivered in the cobbled streets around them. Has made the industrial revolution, and the growth of cities, the demand for transport in the world, even louder. With the modern world depends so enchanted with noise and noise technology for aircraft produced cars, helicopters, motorcycles, snowmobiles, jet skis, blowers and paper, amplified music, and bass-driven stereo systems, cars surrounding noise level to accelerate quickly. This increase in noise led to the research examines the impact of noise on the lives and activitie s of persons reasonable. The result was a set of evidence strongly suggests that noise is hazardous to good health, mental and physical health. Voices should not be so strong can not be considered interference, for example, drip of the faucet, President of the jet, or stereo late at night, a neighbor. Annoying noise, especially at night when you try to sleep, and sleeping well is essential for good health. Can exposure to noise over time be stressful, causing adverse health effects such as high blood pressure. Although there is a need for more research to strengthen the link noise and health, there is agreement that reduces the noise quality of life. Noise can be particularly harmful for children. Research shows that houses noisy slow cognitive development and language in young children. In addition, children who live and learn in a school near noisy roads, railways and airports and low scores in reading, and some children who live or go to school near the main airport and had high blood pressure. How to measure noise? Noise is measured in decibels, dB. And called on the tool used to measure the sound level. It is designed to respond equally to the human ear, and give an objective assessment of sound pressure level. Even if the noise is a major environmental problem, it is often difficult to determine the associated costs. The report identified the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development in the social costs of road transport four categories of the impact of noise from transport; Low real estate values Loss of mental health care costs for the treatment of loss of sleep, hearing problems or stress loss of productivity due to poor concentration, communication difficulties or fatigue due to inadequate rest Causes:- Causes of noise pollution traffic noise is the main source of noise pollution in urban areas. With the increasing number of vehicles on the road, and cause noise exhaust fumes from cars and trucks, buses and motorcycles is the main reason for the noise. The aircraft flying at low altitude above the height of national parks, wilderness areas and other areas of vacant, the greater the noise level significantly in these areas were not affected in the past. People living next to railway stations to put up with a lot of noise from locomotive engines, horns and whistles and switch management operating in the rail yards. This is the main source of noise pollution. to meet the needs of the basic necessities of life, and build highways, buildings and streets in the city is making a lot of noise. Breaker, compressors, bulldozers, loaders, dump trucks and paving breakers are the main sources of noise pollution at construction sites. Although not the main cause of industrial noise and adds noise. Machinery, engines and compressors used in the industries to create a lot of noise that is added to the negative hype already. plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners and fans create a lot of noise in buildings, in addition to noise conditions. equipment for the home, such as vacuum cleaners, blenders, and some noisy devices in the home. Although it does not cause a big problem, can not impact can not be ignored. Effects:- Hearing loss Mechanism of hearing loss stems from the shock of the stereocilia of the cochlea, and the main structure of the inner ear fluid. Finland, together with the middle ear sound pressure levels increases by a factor of twenty, in the sound pressure level is very high up to the cochlea, sound alarms even moderate weather. The underlying disease to the cochlea is the reactive oxygen species, which play an important role in noise-induced necrosis and apoptosis of stereocilia. Exposure to high levels of noise have different effects in a certain number of the population, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species suggests possible ways to treat or prevent hearing damage and cellular structures associated with them. The effects of the heart and blood vessels Noise associated with significant health problems, heart and blood vessels. In 1999, the World Health Organization has concluded that available evidence suggested a weak association between long-term exposure to noise above 67-70 dB (A) and high blood pressure. It was suggested that more recent studies show that the noise levels of 50 dB (A) at night may also increase the risk of myocardial infarction with the production of cortical is chronically elevated. Stress Conduct research on the rocky road of isolation of the United Kingdom manufacturer, and reveals in the UK in third place (33%) of victims of civil unrest, noisy parties are required to have prevented them from sleeping or stressed over the past two years. Almost one in ten (9%) of those affected by civil unrest, which claims to be left constantly disturbed and stressed. More than 1.8 million people, have made their lives hell, noisy neighbors and can not enjoy their home. The impact of noise on health may be a serious problem in all parts of the UK for more than 17.5 million Britons (38%) were troubled by the residents of nearby properties in the past two years. For a period of approximately ten (7%), British, and this is normal Conclusion Noise quiet because of the death and the concern of the community did not create much on the impact of noise on workers alike can not be relied upon in the industries, in particular, and the public in the community as a universal. Noise is of significant environmental pollutants contaminate our air, water and soil. It has the ability to destroy the bridges and the development of cracks in buildings. Can also cause skin noise and mental illness. It explained that the noise is a technology created the problem and all the noise is doubling every 10 years in the hand in hand with social progress and industry. Influenced to a large extent because of environmental pollution of noise, with the sunrise every day. Noise pollution in different parts of the increases in and around the city workplaces and homes. Noise levels peaked in the Twilight Zone when people are at work now, and traffic until it reaches during peak hours.

Leonardo Da Vinci :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo Da Vinci was an Italian Renaissance painter, sculptor, architect, engineer, and naturalist. He was born in Vinci, Tuscany and was the son of a notary. He studied painting with Verrocchio in Florence. He worked at Ludovico Sforza’s court in Milan as an architect, military engineer, inventor, theatrical designer, sculptor, musician, scientist, art theorist, and painter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Leonardo wanted his paintings to express the laws of light and space and of sciences like anatomy, botany, and geology. He often accompanied condemned criminals to their execution to study the expressions on their faces and he dissected thirty cadavers to perfect his knowledge of anatomy. He was fascinated with the dynamic movement to be found in nature. He was considered a genius and a very handsome man and is still thought of as on e of the most gifted men in the human race.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the things that fascinated everyone about him was the enticing smile he painted on the faces of some women. It was called â€Å"more divine than human† and seemed to move before our eyes. The mystery of the smile is most often associated with the Mona Lisa, one of the world’s most famous images, but it first appeared 20 years before in the angel from The Madonna of the Rocks.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are several theories as to whose smile cast such a spell on Leonardo. One of them is Cecilia Gallerani, who was celebrated for her beauty and was painted by Leonardo when she was seventeen. However, no one knows where that portrait is. It is said that he painted her again as Lady with an Ermine and then as the angel in The Madonna of the Rocks. He seems to have loved the painting of the angel so much that he kept it for himself and painted another one.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another theory is that, previous to Leonardo, painters outlined their figures, so that they stood away from the background in stiff, immobile poses. He deliberately omitted outlines, blurred and softened the corners of the eyes and mouth, blending light into shadow, giving life to his figures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lastly, during the Renaissance, well-born maidens were carefully schooled to â€Å"charm†. Women were advised to close their mouths from time to time at the right corner with a suave movement, and open it slightly at the left as if you were smiling secretly and perhaps Leonardo was just painting the way a thousand well-born ladies smiled in his day.

Sartys Transformation in William Faulkners Barn Burning Essay

Sarty's Transformation in William Faulkner's Barn Burning   Ã‚   In William Faulkner's story, "Barn Burning", we find a young man who struggles with the relationship he has with his father and his own conscience.   We see Sarty, the young man, develop into an adult while dealing with the many crude actions and ways of Abner, his father.   We see Sarty as a puzzled youth that faces the questions of faithfulness to his father or faithfulness to himself and the society he lives in.   His struggle dealing with the reactions that are caused by his father's action result in him thinking more for himself as the story progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first instance in which we can see a transition from childhood to adulthood in Sarty's life is in the way he compliments his father.   Sarty admires his father very much and wishes that things could change for the better throughout the story.   At the beginning of the story he speaks of how his fathers "wolf-like independence" causes his family to depend on almost no one (Faulkner 155).   He believes that they live on their own because of his fathers drive for survival.   When Sarty mentions the way his father commands his sisters to clean a rug with force "though never raising his voice" it shows how he sees his father as strict, but not overly demanding (Faulkner 159).   He seems to begin to feel dissent towards his father for the way he exercises his authority in the household.   As we near the end of the story, Sarty's compliments become sparse and have a different tone surrounding them. After running from the burning barn, he spoke of his dad in an a lmost heroic sense.   He wanted everyone to remember his dad as a brave man, "he was in the war" and should be known for it, not burning barns (Faulkner 154)... ...r from a person of innocence into a person with a conscience in Sarty. Faulkner gradually develops Sarty into a man of his own deeds throughout the story.   Sarty has to finally realize that blood is not always thicker than water.   Faulkner's story symbolizes the way in which society works today.   If one individual is doing wrong, you must overlook the relationship you have with him and look at the wrong deeds he is doing.   If you happen to face your fears and set strait the wrong, in the end, the good will always prevail. Works Cited Faulkner, William. "Barn Burning". Literature, Compact Edition. Edgar V. Roberts, Henry E. Jacobs. New Jersy: Prentice-Hall, 1990. 154-167. Ford, Marilyn Claire. "Narrative Legerdenain: Evoking Sarty's Future in 'Barn Burning.'" Mississippi Quarterly, Summer 98, Issue 3: 51. Academic Search Elite. GALILEO. 25 Sept. 2000.

Analysis on Kings “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop

Not just to have an ordinary speech, but one that grasps people and pulls them in all you need to have is persuasion also known as Ethos, Logos, and Pathos. Ethos refers to the speaker’s credibility. There are three important characteristics: character, competence and charisma. Logos is evidence that supports any claim the speaker makes in their speech. Pathos is known as a strong component of successful persuasion. Pathos is also when you appeal to the listeners’ emotions. Verbal communication is the exchange of meanings by the use of the written or spoken symbols of a language.Non verbal communication is includes any symbolic behavior that is either intentionally or unintentionally sent. I believe the speech â€Å"I’ve Been to the Mountaintop† given By Dr. Martin Luther King is a great example of Ethos, Logos, and Pathos, verbal and non verbal communication. This speech, was giving on April 3, 1968 at the Mason Temple in Memphis, Tennessee, This was Mart in Luther Kings last public appearance before his assassination the following day. â€Å"I’ve been to the mountaintop† was a strong and influential sermon.Martin Luther king has a moral character has proven to the people that he is a serious man and very trustworthy. When people look at him they could see that kings beliefs were not a joke to him. The Baptist minister was an activist and was a leader in the African American civil rights movement. King helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957. In his speech he asks the people to take their money out of downtown banks and deposit their money in Tri-State Bank—for a â€Å"bank –in† movement. Kings says â€Å"I’m not asking you something that we don’t do ourselves at SCLC. â€Å"We’re just telling you to follow what we’re doing. † From this you can see that he basically was saying that you can trust him. The logistics he uses to support his c laim come from his knowledge of history.King talked about going back to 1863 to â€Å"watch Abraham Lincoln, come to the conclusion to sign the emancipation proclamation. † Later in the speech he empathizes that the people are poor but he says â€Å"collectively we are richer than all the nation[s] in the world, We have an annual income of more than thirty billion dollars a year. These are just a few of these statistics he uses to back up everything he talks about. To fully grab the listeners’ attention in a speech you have to show emotion. Martin Luther king did this by talking about his experiences of what happened to him from doing what he believes in. King talks about how he remembers when they were in a â€Å"majestic struggle,† He revels to us the complication he and others face while they moved on, king said â€Å"we Would move out day after day; by the hundreds we would move out. † It shows the people that he truly does care for their right and n othing would stop him.In his speech Martin Luther King also talks about how the marching landed them in jail but yet they just kept on singing and how it moved everyone around them. This is the kind of things that sweep people right into your speech. The using of words in a speech is what shows the intelligence and understanding that a speaker upholds. When we communicate, we need to put ourselves in our listeners' shoes. The way that Martin Luther Kings words carry out was more than just a speech, it was more like a sermon. His words were true but never cruel.King did put himself out there and showed everyone that they were not alone. His words had hope and that hope grabbed his listeners. Nonverbal communication, or body language, is a vital form of communication. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. This is what makes us or breaks us. Martin Luther king stood tall and proud through out his speech when you looked at him you saw that he looked very serious but sincere. Kind would take short pauses in his speech and just look out to everyone. This is what king did to get his listeners attention.

Yoga poses

Yoga is funda psychic everyy a scientific system of mental and physical practices that did originate from India. Its role is to shot help to people in ordering to achieve the highest potential as soundly as experience happiness and health. In our daily life, it is significant to learn on how to relax after just about age through practicing slightly full activities. peace practices as far as Yoga is relate ar dear and rather effective. Any unriv wholeed who practices yoga unremarkably begins to deeply appreciate the breadth and the attainment of its major(ip)(ip) benefits.It is therefore imperative to analyse some of the yoga bunks camel, tree, chair and claws astonish and come up with some of their benefits as sound as contraindications. Benefits of maneuver (Vrksasana) sufficient from http//www. yogajournal. com/ thwarts/496 Vrksasana tree scotch commonly means standing with your hand as it is bear witnessd towards the sky (Kevin, 2010). The tree make is be neficial in the fact that it corroborates your calves, ankles, thighs and keystone. It stretches the groin, agency and thighs as good as meliorate atomic number 53s balance.Through practicing tree, unitary reduces the flat feet and it levys mental stability and concentration. It excessively relieves Sciatica. Basically, this draw helps a rope in fortify every part of the dust and to create a consoleer and stable body. The shoulders and the accouterments stretch up thus all the b stars in the body overly set forths to contain a great massage. in that location is ever so a impertinently tot up of the blood because of the tilted stick. It stretches the muscles, weaponry, wrists and the shoulders devising them energetic and on the table.The pose usually strengthens wizs strength and helps in amplifying the stamina. The balancing act usually helps one to bide completely cool and calm because of the stability that it usually offers. There is forever a calming effect of the caput that helps in making the brain to remain relaxed. Contraindications/ cautions of manoeuver (Vrksasana) Some of the contraindications of this pose are that it causes fear, insomnia and depleted blood pressure. For those people who be require high blood pressure, they should not raise their arms over school principal (Shannon, 2005). personalized benefits of Tree (Vrksasana) pose This pose is quite beneficial to me as it tones the muscles of the legs and it improves my sense of poise and balance. It likewise enhances my concentration and posture, strengthening my ankles my impale as well as the hips. When I campaign my weight onto my left foot I enhance my posture and balance making me more stable. With lots of practice I have too learnt to pose with my eyeball closed as I exit thus leaving me completely at ease and calm. The pose has enabled me to be more flexible and agile. Challenges and goalsIt is usually dispute for me at times to stand on one leg and build balance. I get so challenged when I have to localise since focusing and concentration is quite important. It gets unwaveringly when I have to stay for near 30 seconds to around I secondment resting my hands on the top of my pelvis. I looking at some slight fear which ebbs shortly leaving me relaxed. The pose is meant to enhance my balance and since I have a stiff patronize, to reduce sciatica leaving me flexible and calm. Benefits of Camel (Ustrasana) pose and the goals Adapted from www. quickfityoga. comThe camel pose is beneficial as it compresses the spine and relieves the underpin problems (Camel pose, 2010). It in addition helps in digestion as it opens the rib henhouse and the lungs. It is helpful in stimulating the sickening system, helps in bronchial problems, strengthens the shoulder muscles as well as the back, improves the flexion of the neck, stretches ones throat and helps in excreting of the toxins. It is as well beneficial in flushing fresh blo od via the kidneys. The major goal in practicing camel is to stretch the immense hip flexors, strengthen the back muscles as well as improve my posture.Contraindications Some of the contraindications are low and high blood pressure, migraine annoyance, adept low back as well as neck injury and insomnia. Challenges of camel Camel is one of the poses that is extremely challenging to me. I usually find it completely hard on my knees and my neck always smellings pinched whenever I let my head drop backwards. It is also incisive on my back and always makes me feel like screaming. I also experience some slight headache. Personal benefits of camel The pose stresses my entire front and leaves me pinch calm and flexible.With some few practices my back is stronger and my posture has improved. Before I started the camel order I used to feel hot and fatigued which has hence ebbed with time. Benefits of Chair (Utkatasana) and goals Adapted from http//yoga. about. com/od/yogaposes/a/utkat asana. htm The chair pose helps a lot in strengthening the arms. Thus the main goal in having this pose is to make the thighs strong. This helps to strengthen the calves, spine and ankles (Chair pose, 2010). In addition it stretches the chest and the shoulders, stimulates the heart, period and the abdominal organs.It also helps in diminution the flat feet. Contraindications The major contraindications are insomnia, headache and low blood pressure. Challenges of the chair pose and personal benefits The chair pose is quite challenging for my upper body. The idea of public press my hands flat together and straightening the arms like a shot makes me feel uneasy. I feel like my shoulders, thighs and chest are blocked. I also feel intense headache and dizziness but it leaves me feeling great. The major personal benefits are that it has helped a lot in the opening of my hips and the thighs as well as warming my entire body.My knees, hips and ankles have stabilized with time and I feel more flexible. Benefits of babys pose (Balasana) and its goals Adapted from http//www. yogajournal. com/poses/475/ The major benefit of the childs pose is that it helps in relieving back pain. It is a brilliant resting pose as it is useful after strenuous postures for recitation headstand thus restoring the bodys circulation and acts as a counter pose to the back bends. Its main goal is to help in deep relaxation and is called the childs pose because one usually forms the regulate of the baby.It is beneficial in the fact that since the head is lower than the heart, there is more circulation on the face. It works on muscles and is a major natural therapy to stress, depression, anxiety and fatigue. It calms the brain and helps in relieving neck and back pain. Contraindications It may go to diarrhea and knee injury and big(predicate) mothers are advised not to have it. Also it should be done under supervision of an experienced teacher (childs pose, 2010). Challenges and personal b enefits Childs pose tones and strengthens my ankles, hips and thighs.The longer I hold the pose the more I feel at ease and calm. The pose usually relaxes my brains and clears all the negative thoughts. It also helps me to focus as I breathe deeply during the pose as I inhale some positive thoughts and exhale all tensions. Childs pose is quite challenging for my ankles as I feel intense pain. To ease the pain I sheer a rolled cloth directly to the joints and as my knees are not contented with kneeling I place a chip foam or screening between the heels and the butt.ReferencesBrophy, Shannon. 2005. Vrksasana. Retrieved 2, June, 2010 http//www.yoga.com/ydc/enlighten/enlighten_document.asp?ID=351§ion=9&cat=144 Camel pose. 2010. Retrieved 2, June, 2010 http//www.yogajournal.com/poses/688 Chair pose. 2010. Retrieved from 2, June 2010 http//www.yogajournal.com/poses/493 Pederson, Kevin. 2010. Benefits and magnificence of Adho Mukha Vrksasana. Retrieved 2, June, 2010

My Name Is Asher Lev

diagnose Waleed Khokhar Date 11/13/12 news Count appx 900 Which character intrigues you the closely? The protagonist and cashier of the book, My name is Asher Lev Asher Levs story begins with him as a young boy from a Jewish family. A young boy who lived in conservative lodge that was strict and fascist in nature when it move ups to religion. both conflicting forces play an distinguished role in Asher Levs story. One, Asher Levs up tight and all- include religious community, and the other his deportmentlike passion and commit to create fraud.Through come on Asher Levs life as a young child and as an adult, he had to trade-off between his love of creating fine creation and/or pursual his family and community religious traditions. How Asher grows up with such(prenominal) intense friction in his mind of these two subjects is something important to elucidate. The decisions he made and the actions he took shaped his future. Asher grew up in an old-fashi iodined Jewish com munity of Ladover a community filled with narrow-minded hatful who did not want to look at the e contrivanceh beyond their realms. Due to this, Asher Lev was always in conflict with himself, his family and the community.As Aryeh, Asher Levs father said, If you were a genius in mathematics, I would record. If you were a genius in writing, I would too understand. If you were a genius in Gemorra, I would for certain understand. However, a genius in order of payment is foolishness, and I exit not let it interfere with our lives. Do you understand me, Asher? (pg. 136). Ashers father always condemned his change state and wanted him to give up art. However, art skirt and reflected in every part of Ashers life. It is evoke to throw even under immense squash of his father Asher continued to draw.Usually, kids become rebellious if restricted. In this case, Asher just suppressed his feelings and confined to himself. Ashers nature is the to the highest degree mesmerizing in this book. Living in a strictly religious family as boy and continually opposed by several people on creating art, Asher still managed to pursue his passion. It was a respond in its own. Nonetheless, these two pictures of life balance out each other and play the most perceptive part in his life. Ashers creativity is one of the reasons he was able to continue with his work.One can see this when Asher uses common life material and create tools to key fruit (citation required). It is obvious that Asher possessed the gift of drawing.. Another aspect one needs to look at is Ashers desperation and his urge to find such germinal ways to express him in form of art. He was burning with desire to express his emotions by drawing. On one occasion, his strong influences lead him to steal tormentts from a shop. However, ethics and morals from his family teachings embedded in him evoked his conscience, and he eventually returned them.Such endeavors, at such a young age, living in such severe soc iety requires a lot of guts. It brings the crisp and work in a story and binds a contributor to discover of what lies ahead. In addition, it is hard to ignore how a young child with such creativity uses such ingenious ways to pursue his passion as Asher uses ashes to paint. It reminds me of a famous idiom necessity is the nonplus of invention. In the beginning, Asher did not understand his cravings as a child and innocuously doodled which turned into structured drawing later in his life.Furthermore, an on-going friction permeated inside Asher. He was confused with what was allowed to draw and what was deemed intolerable in his community. This is most evident when Ashers father would not come to Ashers art exhibitions, which displayed nude and crucifixion pictures. Asher justify such photo by saying (Book 11, pg. 303), A naked women is a women without clothes. A nude is an artists individualized vision of a body without clothes. Is such a personal vision important in your art? Thats what art is, Papa.Its a persons private vision verbalised in aesthetic. This brings Asher in the contradiction to his upbringing, what his beliefs were and what the world of art wants. It is astonishing for a subscriber of how Asher well witting that his father reproved nude motion pictures and yet without hesitation he experiences his father. An analysis to this could be that Asher was so lost in the hymn of his passion that his childhood values were fade extraneous. Whether these values would instill in Asher is something that intrigues a reader to continue with the story.Additionally, Ashers interaction with an artist named Jacob Kahn, who immensely drew Asher towards new dimensions of art played the most significant role in this story. Asher learns different styles of painting and hones his skills under Kahns mentorship. Working with Kahn once over again Asher faces the dilemma of whether to notice his religious teachings or follow the eccentric ways of world o f art. Kahn played a pivotal role in Ashers life and persuaded him to draw nude and crucifixion pictures, which were against Ashers religion, Asher hesitating but open to learn suppressed his feelings and drew.Here once again, Asher prioritized art over his family and religion. In contrast, it is evident that Asher has not completely strayed away from his religious teaching as he continued to observe his Jewish dietetic laws when he was away at Kahns shore house. Likewise, Asher leaves the reader tangled that whether he would lean put up to his childhood education or ensue the world of art. Finally, the most controversial side of Asher becomes flamboyant when he drew his mothers picture in form of crucifixion and invited his parents to his exhibition.Asher was well aware that his painting would bring great pain to his family and his community as crucifixion in Judaism is a taboo. Asher knowing the consequences will be dire yet he prioritized artistic world over Jewish world. From Ashers power point of view, this drawing only portrayed his emotions and it was targeted toward world of art where it carries a different meaning and only artists understand its value, whereas, Jewish community was naive of language of paint. Asher precedent to invite his parents to gallery is questionable.A concern that arises is why Asher would invite his family to his exhibition. Did he deliberately want to inflict pain to his family and finally part away or was it another(prenominal) episode of innocence. The most bewildering scenes of this book which must suck left several readers confused was in the last chapter of the book where Asher stood thinking about his decisions in his life. Asher had to patch up whether he wanted himself or religion himself or family and/or himself or art.Similarly, the writer has portrayed Ashers uncanny nature and it leaves many questions in a readers mind. The book concludes in many ways unresolved, as Asher was not fully comfortable with the decisions he had made. My make up is Asher Lev ends with protagonist banished from his people as Rebbe asked him to leave. So far, at that place are no means to conclude that Asher had embarked himself away from his family and community. No conclusive or unanimous consensus about Ashers future choices